La croissance axonale par étirement : un processus universel encore peu exploré

Free Access

Issue		Biologie Aujourd'hui Volume 211, Number 3, 2017


Page(s)		215 - 222
Section		Forces mécaniques et morphogenèse des tissus
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2017028
Published online		7 février 2018

Abe, I., Tsujino, A., Hara, Y., Ichimura, H., Ochiai, N. (2002). Paranodal demyelination by gradual nerve stretch can be repaired by elongation of internodes. Acta Neuropathol, 104, 505–512. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Abe, I., Ochiai, N., Ichimura, H., Tsujino, A., Sun, J., Hara, Y. (2004). Internodes can nearly double in length with gradual elongation of the adult rat sciatic nerve. J Orthop Res, 22, 571–577. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Baraban, M., Anselme, I., Schneider-Maunoury, S., Giudicelli, F. (2013). Zebrafish embryonic neurons transport messenger RNA to axons and growth cones in vivo. J Neurosci, 33, 15726–15734. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bosveld, F., Bonnet, I., Guirao, B., Tlili, S., Wang, Z., Petitalot, A., Marchand, R., Bardet, P.-L., Marcq, P., Graner, F., Bellaïche, Y. (2012). Mechanical control of morphogenesis by Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed planar cell polarity pathway. Science, 336, 724–727. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bray, D. (1970). Surface movements during the growth of single explanted neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 65, 905–910. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bray, D. (1984). Axonal growth in response to experimentally applied mechanical tension. Dev Biol, 102, 379–389. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bray, D., Money, N.P., Harold, F.M., Bamburg, J.R. (1991). Responses of growth cones to changes in osmolality of the surrounding medium. J Cell Sci, 98, 507–515. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Breau, M.A., Bonnet, I., Stoufflet, J., Xie, J., De Castro, S., Schneider-Maunoury, S. (2017). Extrinsic mechanical forces mediate retrograde axon extension in a developing neuronal circuit. Nat Commun, 8, 282. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bueno, F.R., Shah, S.B. (2008). Implications of tensile loading for the tissue engineering of nerves. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 14, 219–233. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Buettner, H.M., Pittman, R.N., Ivins, J.K. (1994). A model of neurite extension across regions of nonpermissive substrate − Simulations based on experimental-measurement of growth cone motility and filopodial dynamics. Dev Biol, 163, 407–422. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Butko, M.T., Yang, J., Geng, Y., Kim, H.J., Jeon, N.L., Shu, X., Mackey, M.R., Ellisman, M.H., Tsien, R.Y., Lin, M.Z. (2012). Fluorescent and photo-oxidizing TimeSTAMP tags track protein fates in light and electron microscopy. Nat Neurosci, 15, 1742–1751. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Chada, S., Lamoureux, P., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1997). Cytomechanics of neurite outgrowth from chick brain neurons. J Cell Sci, 110, 1179–1186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Chen, H.I., Jgamadze, D., Serruya, M.D., Cullen, D.K., Wolf, J.A., Smith, D.H. (2016). Neural substrate expansion for the restoration of brain function. Front Syst Neurosci, 10, 1. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Cheng, J.P.X., Mendoza-Topaz, C., Howard, G., Chadwick, J., Shvets, E., Cowburn, A.S., Dunmore, B.J., Crosby, A., Morrell, N.W., Nichols, B.J. (2015). Caveolae protect endothelial cells from membrane rupture during increased cardiac output. J Cell Biol, 211, 53–61. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Conde, C., Caceres, A. (2009). Microtubule assembly, organization and dynamics in axons and dendrites. Nat Rev Neurosci, 10, 319–332. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Cullen, D.K., Tang-Schomer, M.D., Struzyna, L.A., Patel, A.R., Johnson, V.E., Wolf, J.A., Smith, D.H. (2012). Microtissue engineered constructs with living axons for targeted nervous system reconstruction. Tissue Eng Part A, 18, 2280–2289. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
D'Este, E., Kamin, D., Goettfert, F., El-Hady, A., Hell, S.W. (2015). STED nanoscopy reveals the ubiquity of subcortical cytoskeleton periodicity in living neurons. Cell Rep, 10, 1246–1251. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
D'Este, E., Kamin, D., Velte, C., Goettfert, F., Simons, M., Hell, S.W. (2016). Subcortical cytoskeleton periodicity throughout the nervous system. Sci Rep, 6, 22741. DOI: 10.1038/srep22741. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Dennerll, T.J., Joshi, H.C., Steel, V.L., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1988). Tension and compression in the cytoskeleton of Pc-12 neurites: II − Quantitative measurements. J Cell Biol, 107, 665–674. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Dennerll, T.J., Lamoureux, P., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1989). The cytomechanics of axonal elongation and retraction. J Cell Biol, 109, 3073–3083. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Dent, E.W., Gertler, F.B. (2003). Cytoskeletal dynamics and transport in growth cone motility and axon guidance. Neuron, 40, 209–227. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Echarri, A., Del Pozo, M.A. (2015). Caveolae − mechanosensitive membrane invaginations linked to actin filaments. J Cell Sci, 128, 2747–2758. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Franze, K., Gerdelmann, J., Weick, M., Betz, T., Pawlizak, S., Lakadamyali, M., Bayer, J., Rillich, K., Goegler, M., Lu, Y.-B., Reichenbach, A., Janmey, P., Käs, J. (2009). Neurite branch retraction is caused by a threshold-dependent mechanical impact. Biophys J, 97, 1883–1890. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Gallo, G., Letourneau, P.C. (2000). Neurotrophins and the dynamic regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. J Neurobiol, 44, 159–173. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Hammarlund, M., Jorgensen, E.M., Bastiani, M.J. (2007). Axons break in animals lacking beta-spectrin. J Cell Biol, 176, 269–275. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Harrison, R.G. (1935). The Croonian Lecture − On the origin and development of the nervous system studied by the methods of experimental embryology. Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci, 118, 155–196. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
He, J., Zhou, R., Wu, Z., Carrasco, M.A., Kurshan, P.T., Farley, J.E., Simon, D.J., Wang, G., Han, B., Hao, J., Heller, E., Freeman, M.R., Shen, K., Maniatis, T., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Zhuang, X. (2016). Prevalent presence of periodic actin-spectrin-based membrane skeleton in a broad range of neuronal cell types and animal species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113, 6029–6034. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Heidemann, S.R., Lamoureux, P., Buxbaum, R.E. (1995). Cytomechanics of axonal development. Cell Biochem Biophys, 27, 135–155. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Heidemann, S.R., Bray, D. (2015). Tension-driven axon assembly: a possible mechanism. Front Cell Neurosci, 9, 316. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Huang, J.H., Zager, E.L., Zhang, J., Groff, R.F., Pfister, B.J., Cohen, A.S., Grady, M.S., Maloney-Wilensky, E., Smith, D.H. (2008). Harvested human neurons engineered as live nervous tissue constructs: implications for transplantation. J Neurosurg, 108, 343–347. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Huang, J.H., Cullen, D.K., Browne, K.D., Groff, R., Zhang, J., Pfister, B.J., Zager, E.L., Smith, D.H. (2009). Long-term survival and integration of transplanted engineered nervous tissue constructs promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A, 15, 1677–1685. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Iwata, A., Browne, K.D., Pfister, B.J., Gruner, J.A., Smith, D.H. (2006). Long-term survival and outgrowth of mechanically engineered nervous tissue constructs implanted into spinal cord lesions. Tissue Eng, 12, 101–110. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Jacques-Fricke, B.T., Seow, Y.Q., Gottlieb, P.A., Sachs, F., Gomez, T.M. (2006). Ca²⁺ influx through mechanosensitive channels inhibits neurite outgrowth in opposition to other influx pathways and release from intracellular stores. J Neurosci, 26, 5656–5664. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kerstein, P.C., Jacques-Fricke, B.T., Rengifo, J., Mogen, B.J., Williams, J.C., Gottlieb, P.A., Sachs, F., Gomez, T.M. (2013). Mechanosensitive TRPC1 channels promote calpain proteolysis of talin to regulate spinal axon outgrowth. J Neurosci, 33, 273–285. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kolodkin, A.L., Tessier-Lavigne, M. (2011). Mechanisms and molecules of neuronal wiring: A primer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 3, DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001727. [Google Scholar]
Koser, D.E., Thompson, A.J., Foster, S.K., Dwivedy, A., Pillai, E.K., Sheridan, G.K., Svoboda, H., Viana, M., Costa, L.D.F., Guck, J., Holt, C.E., Franze, K. (2016). Mechanosensing is critical for axon growth in the developing brain. Nat Neurosci, 19, 1592–1598. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Krieg, M., Dunn, A.R., Goodman, M.B. (2014). Mechanical control of the sense of touch by beta-spectrin. Nat Cell Biol, 16, 224–233. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Krieg, M., Dunn, A.R., Goodman, M.B. (2015). Mechanical systems biology of C.elegans touch sensation. Bioessays, 37, 335–344. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Krieg, M., Stuehmer, J., Cueva, J.G., Fetter, R., Spilker, K., Cremers, D., Shen, K., Dunn, A.R., Goodman, M.B. (2017). Genetic defects in beta-spectrin and tau sensitize C. elegans axons to movement-induced damage via torque-tension coupling. eLife, 6, DOI: 10.7554/eLife.20172. [Google Scholar]
Lakhina, V., Marcaccio, C.L., Shao, X., Lush, M.E., Jain, R.A., Fujimoto, E., Bonkowsky, J.L., Granato, M., Raper, J.A. (2012). Netrin/DCC signaling guides olfactory sensory axons to their correct location in the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci, 32, 4440–4456. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lamoureux, P., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1989). Direct evidence that growth cones pull. Nature, 340, 156–162. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lamoureux, P., Zheng, J., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1992). A cytomechanical investigation of neurite growth on different culture surfaces. J Cell Biol, 118, 655–661. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lamoureux, P., Heidemann, S.R., Martzke, N.R., Miller, K.E. (2010). Growth and elongation within and along the axon. Dev Neurobiol, 70, 135–149. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lee, J., Ishihara, A., Oxford, G., Johnson, B., Jacobson, K. (1999). Regulation of cell movement is mediated by stretch-activated calcium channels. Nature, 400, 382–386. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lim, Y.-W., Lo, H.P., Ferguson, C., Martel, N., Giacomotto, J., Gomez, G.A., Yap, A.S., Hall, T.E., Parton, R.G. (2017). Caveolae protect notochord cells against catastrophic mechanical failure during development. Curr Biol, 27, 1968–1981. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lo, H.P., Nixon, S.J., Hall, T.E., Cowling, B.S., Ferguson, C., Morgan, G.P., Schieber, N.L., Fernandez-Rojo, M.A., Bastiani, M., Floetenmeyer, M., Martel, N., Laporte, J., Pilch, P.F., Parton, R.G. (2015). The caveolin-cavin system plays a conserved and critical role in mechanoprotection of skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol, 210, 833–849. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Love, J.M., Bober, B.G., Orozco, E., White, A.T., Bremner, S.N., Lovering, R.M., Schenk, S., Shah, S.B. (2017). mTOR regulates peripheral nerve response to tensile strain. J Neurophysiol, 117, 2075–2084. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Loverde, J.R., Tolentino, R.E., Pfister, B.J. (2011). Axon stretch growth: The mechanotransduction of neuronal growth. J Vis Exp, 54, DOI: 10.3791/2753. [Google Scholar]
Loverde, J.R., Pfister, B.J. (2015). Developmental axon stretch stimulates neuron growth while maintaining normal electrical activity, intracellular calcium flux, and somatic morphology. Front Cell Neurosci, 9, 308. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lowery, L.A., van Vactor, D. (2009). The trip of the tip: understanding the growth cone machinery. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 10, 332–343. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Miller, K.E., Sheetz, M.P. (2006). Direct evidence for coherent low velocity axonal transport of mitochondria. J Cell Biol, 173, 373–381. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Miller, K.E., Heidemann, S.R. (2008). What is slow axonal transport? Exp Cell Res, 314, 1981–1990. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Miyasaka, N., Sato, Y., Yeo, S.Y., Hutson, L.D., Chien, C.B., Okamoto, H., Yoshihara, Y. (2005). Robo2 is required for establishment of a precise glomerular map in the zebrafish olfactory system. Development, 132, 1283–1293. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Miyasaka, N., Knaut, H., Yoshihara, Y. (2007). Cxcl12/Cxcr4 chemokine signaling is required for placode assembly and sensory axon pathfinding in the zebrafish olfactory system. Development, 134, 2459–2468. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
O'Toole, M., Miller, K.E. (2011). The role of stretching in slow axonal transport. Biophys J, 100, 351–360. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
O'Toole, M., Lamoureux, P., Miller, K.E. (2008). A physical model of axonal elongation: Force, viscosity, and adhesions govern the mode of outgrowth. Biophys J, 94, 2610–2620. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
O'Toole, M., Lamoureux, P., Miller, K.E. (2015). Measurement of subcellular force generation in neurons. Biophys J, 108, 1027–1037. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pfister, B.J., Weihs, T.P., Betenbaugh, M., Bao, G. (2003). An in vitro uniaxial stretch model for axonal injury. Ann Biomed Eng, 31, 589–598. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pfister, B.J., Iwata, A., Meaney, D.F., Smith, D.H. (2004). Extreme stretch growth of integrated axons. J Neurosci, 24, 7978–7983. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pfister, B.J., Bonislawski, D.P., Smith, D.H., Cohen, A.S. (2006a). Stretch-grown axons retain the ability to transmit active electrical signals. FEBS Lett, 580, 3525–3531. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pfister, B.J., Iwata, A., Taylor, A.G., Wolf, J.A., Meaney, D.F., Smith, D.H. (2006b). Development of transplantable nervous tissue constructs comprised of stretch-grown axons. J Neurosci Methods, 153, 95–103. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pfister, B.J., Huang, J.H., Kameswaran, N., Zager, E.L., Smith, D.H. (2007). Neural engineering to produce in vitro nerve constructs and neurointerface. Neurosurgery, 60, 137–141. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Polackwich, R.J., Koch, D., McAllister, R., Geller, H.M., Urbach, J.S. (2015). Traction force and tension fluctuations in growing axons. Front Cell Neurosci, 9, 417. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Purohit, P.K., Smith, D.H. (2016). A model for stretch growth of neurons. J Biomech, 49, 3934–3942. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Rajagopalan, J., Tofangchi, A., Saif, M.T.A. (2010). Drosophila neurons actively regulate axonal tension in vivo. Biophys J, 99, 3208–3215. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Ranade, S.S., Syeda, R., Patapoutian, A. (2015). Mechanically activated ion channels. Neuron, 87, 1162–1179. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Rauzi, M., Verant, P., Lecuit, T., Lenne, P.-F. (2008). Nature and anisotropy of cortical forces orienting Drosophila tissue morphogenesis. Nat Cell Biol, 10, 1401–1457. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Rauzi, M., Lenne, P.-F., Lecuit, T. (2010). Planar polarized actomyosin contractile flows control epithelial junction remodelling. Nature, 468, 1110–U1515. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Rossi, F., Gianola, S., Corvetti, L. (2007). Regulation of intrinsic neuronal properties for axon growth and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol, 81, 1–28. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Shibasaki, K., Murayama, N., Ono, K., Ishizaki, Y., Tominaga, M. (2010). TRPV2 enhances axon outgrowth through its activation by membrane stretch in developing sensory and motor neurons. J Neurosci, 30, 4601–4612. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Siechen, S., Yang, S., Chiba, A., Saif, T. (2009). Mechanical tension contributes to clustering of neurotransmitter vesicles at presynaptic terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 12611–12616. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Sinha, B., Koester, D., Ruez, R., Gonnord, P., Bastiani, M., Abankwa, D., Stan, R.V., Butler-Browne, G., Vedie, B., Johannes, L., Morone, N., Parton, R.G., Raposo, G., Sens, P., Lamaze, C., Nassoy, P. (2011). Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae. Cell, 144, 402–413. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Smit, D., Fouquet, C., Pincet, F., Zapotocky, M., Trembleau, A. (2017). Axon tension regulates fasciculation/defasciculation through the control of axon shaft zippering. eLife, 6, DOI: 10.7554/eLife.19907. [Google Scholar]
Smith, D.H. (2009). Stretch growth of integrated axon tracts: extremes and exploitations. Prog Neurobiol, 89, 231–239. [Google Scholar]
Smith, D.H., Wolf, J.A., Meaney, D.F. (2001). A new strategy to produce sustained growth of central nervous system axons: Continuous mechanical tension. Tissue Eng, 7, 131–139. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Struzyna, L.A., Wolf, J.A., Mietus, C.J., Adewole, D.O., Chen, H.I., Smith, D.H., Cullen, D.K. (2015). Rebuilding brain circuitry with living micro-tissue engineered neural networks. Tissue Eng Part A, 21, 2744–2756. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Sugimura, K., Lenne, P.-F., Graner, F. (2016). Measuring forces and stresses in situ in living tissues. Development, 143, 186–196. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Suter, D.M., Miller, K.E. (2011). The emerging role of forces in axonal elongation. Prog Neurobiol, 94, 91–101. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Weiss, P. (1941). Nerve pattern: the mechanics of nerve growth. Growth (Suppl Third Growth Symp), 5, 163–203. [Google Scholar]
Xu, K., Zhong, G., Zhuang, X. (2013). Actin, spectrin, and associated proteins form a periodic cytoskeletal structure in axons. Science, 339, 452–456. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Yamada, T., Yoshimura, H., Inaguma, A., Ozawa T. (2011). Visualization of nonengineered single mRNAs in living cells using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Anal Chem, 83, 5708–5714. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Zhang, H., Labouesse, M. (2012). Signalling through mechanical inputs − a coordinated process. J Cell Sci, 125, 3039–3049. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Zheng, J., Lamoureux, P., Santiago, V., Dennerll, T., Buxbaum, R.E., Heidemann, S.R. (1991). Tensile regulation of axonal elongation and initiation. J Neurosci, 11, 1117–1125. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.