| Issue |
Biologie Aujourd'hui
Volume 210, Number 2, 2016
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Page(s) | 89 - 99 | |
| Section | Molécules biologiques xénoactives | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2016016 | |
| Published online | 30 septembre 2016 | |
Les venins au service de la recherche médicale
Venoms and medical research
CEA/DRF/iMETI/IMVA, Bt 02, 18 rue du Panorama, BP 6, 92265
Fontenay-aux-Roses,
France
Auteur correspondant : Frédéric Ducancel,
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Reçu :
19
Avril
2016
Résumé
L’analyse des venins animaux révèle une complexité insoupçonnée qui permet tout d’abord aux animaux venimeux : serpents, araignées, scorpions, escargots marins, insectes, poissons, et autres anémones...de chasser et/ou de se défendre. Mais les venins constituent également une ressource immense en molécules bio-optimisées, que les chercheurs explorent activement dans le but d’identifier de nouveaux médicaments d’intérêt pour l’Homme. Les dernières connaissances scientifiques et technologiques, les découvertes réalisées dans le domaine de la compréhension de ce que sont les venins, et les exemples les plus marquants et prometteurs en matière d’ « exploitation » à des fins médicales humaines des composés présents dans les venins, seront exposés.
Abstract
Animal venoms are complex chemical cocktails, comprising a wide range of biologically active reticulated peptides that target with high selectivity and efficacy a variety of enzymes, membrane receptors, ion channels...Venoms can therefore be seen as large natural libraries of biologically active molecules that are continuously selected and highly refined by the evolution process, up to the point where every molecule is endowed with pharmacological properties that are highly valuable in the context of human use and drug development. Therefore, venom exploration constitutes a prerequisite to drug discovery. However, mass spectrometry and transcriptomics via NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) studies have shown the presence of up to 1000 peptides in the venom of single species of cone snails and spiders. Therefore the global animal venom resource can be seen as a collection of more than 50 to 100 000 000 peptides and proteins of which only ~5000 are known. That extraordinary “Eldorado” of bio-optimized compounds justifies the development of more global and cutting-edge strategies and technologies to explore this resource more efficiently than actually. De novo developed approaches and recently obtained results will be described.
Mots clés : Venins / toxines / peptides-médicaments / transcriptomique / biodiversité
Key words: Venoms / toxins / therapeutic peptides / transcriptomics / biodiversity
© Société de Biologie, 2016
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